Additionally, the two cover masses are coupled to each other through a linear spring which can represent vertical mucosal wave propagation. Zerdoum AB, Stuffer AJ, Heris HK, Liu S, Mongeau L, Duncan RL, Jia X. Regen Eng Transl Med. 2020 Mar 3;117(9):4718-4723. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1922147117. J Acoust Soc Am. the cover-body model in that cricothyroid muscle ac-tivity generates a greater change in cover stiffness than laryngeal adductors. Fujimura O. Body-cover theory of the vocal fold and its phonetic implications. Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Hydrogel Model of Vocal Fold Lamina Propria. The normal vocal fold is composed of five layers: the epithelium, the three layers of the lamina propria (superficial, intermediate, and deep), and the thyroarytenoid muscle. Bayesian estimation of vocal function measures using laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy and glottal airflow estimates: An in vivo case study. Thus contractions of the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles are incorporated in the values used for the stiffness parameters of the body and cover springs. - vocal folds are composed of a cover and a body-sometimes only the cover is set into vibration, only the body, or both Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  |   The vibration of the vocal folds is a very complex movement. Remember, it wasn't until the middle 1970s that this theory was widely accepted. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Titze IR, Jiang J, Drucker DG. This figure demonstrates the controlled use of the vocal folds in four body-cover configurations: thick edge - louder thin edge - softer stiff mode - somewhat breathy, or falsetto slack mode - vocal fry or the creaky door sound This figure will help. J Voice. THREE MASS MODEL Vocal folds consider as 3 interconnected masses First & largest mass - body of the vocal fold (thyroarytenoid muscle) Two smaller masses - upper and lower portions of the cover (lamina propria and epithelium) Glottis opens and closes asymmetrically with vertical phase difference from bottom to top. In this model, cover layer stiffness is primarily responsible for F0 control and the TA and the cricothyroid (CT) muscles change the stiffness of the cover layer by altering its length. This process has been superbly modelled mathematically by Ingo Titze [ Tize 1994 ], and forms the basis of our understanding of the dynamics of voice production today. Generally speaking, the vocal folds open up from bottom to top and from back to front. He described the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles as the major determinants of vocal fold shape and stiffness, and theorized four typical laryngeal configurations resulting from unique TA/CT activations, with implications for the resulting voice quality. Resonance Effects and the Vocalization of Speech. cover-body theory of vocal fold vibration, in which the epithelium and superficial lam-ina propria act as a “cover” which vibrates over the “body” designated by the deeper tissue layers of the vocal fold (intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria and vocalis muscle). consists of a body (a deep layer of lamina propria and muscle) and a cover (epithelium plus superficial and intermediate layers of the lamina propria). COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. For each vocal fold, the model uses one mass for the body, two mass for the cover, coupled by a linear spring, and, on the fold affected by the lesion (the right fold was arbitrarily chosen), In: Stevens KN, Hirano M, eds. The histological structure of the vocal fold can be separated into 5 or 6 tissues, depending on the source, which can then be grouped into three sections as the cover, the transition, and the body. Article copyright remains as specified within the article. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1981:271-88 3. The manner and frequency (pitch & loudness) of vibration can be modified by the intrinsic laryngeal muscles What is the Body Cover Theory? Mathematical body-cover model of vocal folds with a polyp The proposed model adapts the structure presented in [9] into the three-mass body-cover model of vocal folds described in [21]. It maintains the simplicity of a two-mass model but allows for physiologically relevant adjustments and separate vibration of the body and the cover. Due to the assumed symmetry, the cover masses collide in the midsagittal … Key Words: Shear modulus, vocal fold, viscoelasticity, LSR, larynx. Would you like email updates of new search results? The underlying structure of the lamina propria consists of extracellular matrix, collagen and elastin fibers [ 2 , 5 , 6 ]. The factors that regulate the vocal folds to produce pitch changes, intensity variation, and register effects are outlined. 1988;1(4):314-319 4. Selecting this option will search the current publication in context. If you need an account, please register here, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2011 Apr;129(4):2121-32. doi: 10.1121/1.3557046. 2020 Feb 10;15(2):e0227791. He described the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles as the major determinants of vocal fold shape and stiffness, and theorized four typical laryngeal configurations resulting from unique TA/CT activations, with implications for the resulting voice quality. Epub 2014 Jul 5. Energy-based fluid–structure model of the vocal folds ... Horáˇcek, 2018 ). According to Hirano’s cover-body theory of vocal fold vibration, the epithelium and the SLP constitute the “cover,” the vocalis muscle acts as the “body,” and the intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria, which make up the vocal ligament, are the “transition” layer [11 1.

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